|
Abiotic degradation
Degradation of a pesticide via purely physical
or chemical mechanisms. Examples including
hydrolysis and photolysis |
非生物性分解
農藥經由純物理或化學機制分解。如水解及
光分解。 |
|
Absorption
Transfer of a component from one phase to
another (Gold, 1987). Movement of a pesticide
from the environment (e.g. water, ingested food,
leaf surface), across a biological membrane into
an organism. |
吸收
農藥由環境中如水、食物或葉表穿透生物體
膜進入生物組織之移行現象。 |
|
Acceptable daily intai(e(ADI)
Estimate of the amount of a pesticide in food
and drinking water which can be ingested daily
over a lifetime by humans without appreciable
health risk. It is usually expressed in milligrams
per kilogram of body weight, see also Tolerable
daily intake .(after Duffus, 1993) |
每日容許攝入量
農藥在食物及飲水中之估算含量．人終其一
生不曾因攝取造成對健康的危害。通常以每
公斤體重之毫克數表示之。 |
|
Action level (regulatory)
1 .For food commodities, an administrative
maximum residue limit (MRL) used by
regulatory authorities to initiate action where no
llegally defined MRL has been established. 2.
For the environment; concentration of a
pesticide in air. soil or water at which
emergency measures or preventative actions are
to be taken, (after Duffus, 1993) |
執行限值(管制用)
1.應用於食品衛生管理當末依法訂有最高
殘留限值時．以此限值供抉策者執行管制行
為用。
2.應用於環境保護：指水、土壤或空氣中農藥之
濃度．超過此限值時即應採取緊急處理或預
防措施。 |
|
Action limits (analytical quality control)
Limits for measurements on reference material
or spiked samples which indicate when an
analytical procedure is not performing
adequately and requires immediate action before
data can be reported. |
操作極限(分析品管用)
由於分析方法未臻完善．因執行需要在正式
報告完成，以參考物質或添加樣品之偵測界
限前作為執行管制之限值。 |
|
Active ingredient (ai)
Pesticide present in a formulation as described
by the common name. The part of a pesticide
formulation from which the biological effect is
obtained. (FAO, 1987) |
有效成分
農藥以其普通名標稱之成分．意指成品農藥
中具有生物活性之成分。 |
|
Accuracy (of measurement)
The closeness of agreement between the result
of a measurement and the (conventional) true
value of the measureand. Note 1. Use of the
term precision for accuracy should be avoided.
Note 2. True value is an ideal concept and, in
general, cannot be known exactly. (Metrology,
1984) |
準確度(量測)
量測值與真值吻合之程度。注意1.不可誤
為精密度。2.真值係-理論值．通常無法
獲得其確實數值。 |
|
Acute toxicity
Ability of a substance to cause adverse effects
within a short period following dosing or
exposure (after Duffus, 1993) |
急毒性
物質經短期暴露造成負面影響之能力。 |
|
Adjuvant
Formulani designed to enhance the activity or
other properties of a pesticide mixture |
輔助劑
為增加或提高農藥之活性或其他性質所添加
之成分。
|
|
Adsorption
Enrichment of one or more components in an
inlerfacial layer (Gold 1987) |
吸附
物質附著於界面。 |
|
Adverse effect
Change in morphology, physiology, growth
development or life span of an organism which
results in impairment of functional capacity or
which increases susceptibility to the harmful
effects of other environmental influences, (after
IPCS, 1987) |
反作用
對生物之形態．生理．生長發育或壽命造成
變化．進而肇致機能損害．或導致該生物對
其他有害環境因子之感受性增強的現象。 |
|
Aerobic
Conditions under which molecular oxygen
serves as the terminal electron acceptor in
respiration or in metabolic osygenation. see also
redox potential. (after Gold, 1987) |
有氧的
呼吸或氧化代謝時以氧分子為最終電子之接
受者之狀態。 |
|
Aerosol
A system of fine solid or liquid particles (<30um diam.)
dispersed in a gas. Aerosol cans using an
inert compressed propellant are a common
means of dispensing insecticides for domestic
use. see also nehulisation. |
氣霧劑
由氣體散佈之微細固態耿液態顆粒(直徑小於
30微米)。如常見之家用殺蟲劑噴霧罐．利用
釋放壓縮後情性氣體之推進動力．散佈殺蟲
劑。 |
|
AFID
Alkali Flame-Ionization Detector or Detection
(cf NPD and TTD) |
火焰離子化檢出器 |
|
Aged residue
Pesticide and degradates present in an
environmental system 'after application and
following a period long enough to allow
transport, adsorption, merabolism, and
dissipation processes to alter the distribution
and chemical nature of some of the applied
pesticide. |
衰變殘留
殘留於環境中之農藥或其代謝物，經過長時
間．因移行．吸附、代謝與分散等作用．已
改變其原在環境中之分佈及原農藥成分之化
學性質。 |
|
Aggregate sample
Sample made up of set proportions of other
samples, typically an average by weight, see also
composite sample. |
聚集樣品
由不同樣品以重量為準取樣混合而成的樣
品。 |
|
Aglycon
Non-sugar part of a glycoside or glucuronide
conjugate derived from the pesticide, see also
exocon |
醣甘配基
農藥與醣類接合形灰之醣化物或尿苦酸化
物．其分子中非屬醣類結構之部分稱之。 |
|
Agroehenlcal
Agricultural chemical nsed in crop and food
production including pesticide, feed additive,
veterinary drug and related compounds. |
農用化學品
農業上使用於作物及食物生產上之化單品．
包括農藥、肥料、飼料添加物、獸藥及其它
相關用途之化學成分。 |
|
Aliquot
Known fractional portion of a homogeneous
material (Horwitz, 1990). The term is usually
applied to volumetric sub-sampling of fluid. |
等分試樣
已知分量之均勻物質。道常意指自液態樣品
取定容之次樣品。 |
|
Anaerobic
Condition under which reductive conditions
prevail, see also redox potential. |
厭氧的
還原態佔優勢之狀態。 |
|
Analytical portion
See test portion. |
定量分析樣品
由分析樣品中適量取出供分析使用之部份
樣品(Subsample)。 |
|
Analytical sample
See test sample. |
分析樣品
為減低定量分析樣品取樣誤差，以混拌、
研磨、切碎等步驟所製備的均質樣品稱之。 |
|
Analytical range
Measurement range of test method where the
performance has been validated and quality
standards such as action limits developed. |
分析範圍
當測試方法之效能經過驗證．並已建立檢驗
品保標準時．該方法之檢測範圍稱之。 |
|
Analytical standard (pesticide)
Pesticide reference material of high and defined
purity (generally > 95%) for preparation of
calibration standards. |
分析標準(農藥)
已知含量做為參考物質之高純度農藥(通常
純度高於95%)，供配製校驗用標準劑用。 |
