Safener
A substance added to a pesticide formulation to
eliminate or reduce phytotoxic effects of the
pesticide to certain crops. See also adjuvant. |
保護劑
加於農藥中用以減低農藥對某些作物藥害之
輔劑。 |
Safe factor
See uncertainty factor. |
安全因數
不確定因素。 |
Sample
Portion of material selected from a larger
quantity of material so that it is representative of
the whole. See also aggregate sample, aliquot,
composite sample, control sample, increment
sample, laboratory sample, primary sample,
random sample, retention sample, subsample,
test portion and test sample. |
樣品
自較大量之物質中選取部份仍具有整體代表
性的物質。 |
Sampling plan
Predetermined procedure for the selection,
withdrawal, preservation, transportation, and
preparation of portions to be removed from a
population as samples. (Horwitz, 1990) |
取樣計畫
預先定義樣品自母族群中選取．運貯及製備
分析等程序。 |
SFC
Supercritical fluid chromatography. |
超臨界層析 |
SFE
Supercritical fluid extraction. |
超臨界萃取 |
Soil partition coefficient (Kd)
Experimental ratio of a pesticide's
concentration in the soii to that in the aqueous
(dissolved) phase at equilibrium. It is valid only
for the specific concentration and solid/solution
ratio of the test. The Kd is a distribution
coefficient reflecting the relative affinity of a
pesticide for adsorption by soil solids and its
potential for leaching movement through soil.
See also Koc. |
土壤分離係數
溶解於水中農藥與吸附於土壤中者在平衡時
之含量比。由農藥對土壤之規和力可反映該
農藥浸出之可能程度。 |
Soil incorporation
Application of a pesticide to soil by mixing or
injection into the soil body. |
土壤混合
將農藥注入或混拌於土壤中的施藥方式， |
Soil organic partition coefficient (Koc)
Ratio of a pesticide concentration sorbed in the
organic matter component of soil or sediment to
that in the aqueous phase at equilibrium. The
Koc is calculated by dividing the Kd. value by
the traction organic carbon present in the soil or
sediment (see also organic matter), |
土壤有機分離係數
溶解於水中農藥與吸附於土壤有機質者在平
衡時之含量比。由土壤分離係數除以土壤有
機質含量而得。 |
Soil organic matter
Organic fraction of the soil, including both fresh
and aged residues (e.g. humus) of biological
origin. Organic carbon refers to that portion of
the soil measured as carbon in organic forms.
and the organic matter content of soil Is
assumed to be approximately 1.72 fold that of
the organic carbon content. |
土壤有機質
土壤中源於生物之有機部份．包括生體及腐
植質。有機碳則指含於有機化學結構中之碳
元素。土壤中有機質含量約為有機碳之1.72
倍。 |
Sorption
Removal of pesticide from solution by soil or
sediment via mechanisms of adsorption and
absorption. |
吸附作用
農藥自溶液中轉移被土壤或底泥吸收或吸附
之作用。 |
SPE
Solid phase extraction. |
固相萃取 |
Specimens
Samples collected from a system for
examination, analysis, or storage. |
樣本
為檢驗．分析或貯存等目的所採集之樣品。 |
Spiked sample (fortified sample)
Control sample with a known amount of
pesticide added. Used to test the accuracy
(especially the efficiency of recovery) of an
analytical method, (after Thompson and Wood,
1995). See also reference material. |
添加樣品
在樣品中加入已知量之農藥．用以測試分析
方法之準確性．尤其可反映回收之效率。 |
Spray drift
Movement beyond the target area of airborne
droplets or vapor of pesticide formulation
originating from aerial or ground-base spraying
operations. |
飄散
農藥在空中或地面噴灑作業時．其微粒或蒸
氣有移動至非目標區城的現象。 |
Spreader
See wetting agent. |
分散劑
為增加農藥在施藥面上的散佈或增加固態製
刑稀釋時在水中之分散．所添加之界面活性
劑。 |
Standard solution, primary
Standard prepared by dissolved a weighed
amonnt of an analytical standard pesticide in a
known volume of solvent. |
原始標準品溶液
將確知重量之分析用農藥標準品溶於已知
容量之溶劑中配製而成。 |
Standard solution, secondary
Standard prepared by dilution of an aliquot of a
primary standard solution with a known volume
of solvent, or by subsequent serial dilutions; or a
standard solution measured by reference to a
primary standard solution. |
次級標準品溶液
將適量之原始標準品溶液定容稀釋．或序列
稀釋配製而成．或經與原始標準品溶液比對
定量之標準品溶液。 |
Sticher
Formulant which increase the adhesiveness of a
formulation applied to a surface. (FAO, 1995).
See also wetting, agent. |
黏著劑
為增加農藥在施藥面上之黏著性所添加的製
劑成分。 |
Storage stability test
For a pesticide formulation, a test which
measures the chemical and physical stability of
the product stored under defined, often worst
case, conditions. For pesticide residues, a test
which measures stability of residues in stored
analytical samples, usually held under frozen
conditions at a specified temperature. |
貯存安定性測試
用以測量成品農藥在某一固定環境條件下
(通常較一般貯存條件為嚴苛)其物理化學
主質之安定性的測試方法。在殘留量分析
中，則指用於測試分析樣品中殘留量經持定
貯存方式(通常為冷凍)下之安定性的測試
方法。 |
Subsample
1. portion of the sample obtained by selection or
division;
2. individual unit of the lot taken as part of the
sample;
3. final unit of multistage sampling. (Horwitz,
1990) |
次樣品
1.樣品中分選出的一小部份；
2.選取自整批樣品中的部份單元；
3.多層次取樣程序所得之最終樣品。 |
Surfractant
A formulant for reducing interfacial tension of
two boundary surfaces, thereby increasing the
emulsifying, spreading, dispers ability or wetting
properties of liquids or solids. (FAO. 1995). |
界面活性劑
為減低二種物質界面間之表面張力．如增加
乳化、分散性、水溼性等性質,所添加於農
藥製劑中的成分。 |
Surveillance
Systematic sampling and residue analysis of
commodities, and collection and interpretation
of data, in order to ensure compliance with
established MRLs, Surveillance may be directed
at domestic, imported or exported commodities. |
殘留量監測
對農產品進行有系統的採樣．農藥殘量分
析．以及對數據加以整合評估以確保農產
品符合既訂之最高限量標準。可對內銷、外
銷或進口等產品分別監測。 |
Suspension concentrate (SC)
Fommlation in which the active ingredient is in
the form of a stable dispersion of fine particles
in water or organic liquid. (GIFAP, 1989) |
水懸劑
有效成分以微細顆粒均勻懸浮於水或有機溶
媒中的一種劑型。 |
Synergist
Substance, which, while formally inactive or
weakly active, can significantly enhance the
activity of the active ingredient in a formulation. |
協力劑
本身活性低或根本沒有生物活性．但可增強
農藥中有效成分生物活性的成分稱之。 |
Systemic
A systemic pesticide is capable of being
translocated to sites other than where it was
absorbed in sufficient quantities to be biological
effeciive. |
系統性
農藥如害系統性．指其可經施藥部位吸收並
轉移足夠產生生物效應之劑量至植物之其他
部位。 |
