Half-lift (t0.5)
Time taken for the concentration of a pesticide
in a compartment to decline by one half. Usually
an estimate based on observed dissipation over
several half-lives that can be described by first
order kinetics with rate constant, k, t0.5=0.693/k.
See also dissipation time 50%. |
半衰期
特定環境區隔中農藥濃度降低為一半所需之
時間。通常由數倍於半衰期之觀測期間所得
之消退數據來推測，可以動力學常數表示。 |
Hazard
Set of inherent properties of a pesticide which
gives potential for adverse effects to man or the
environment under conditions of its production,
use or disposal, and depending on the degree of
exposure. (after Duffus, 1993) |
危險
農藥可能在其生產．使用、廢棄處理等過程
中對人或環境產生不良負作用之性質。 |
Hazard assessment
Determination of factors controlling the likely
effects of a hazard such as mechanism of
toxicity, dose effect relationships and worst
case exposure levels. This is the prelude to risk
assessment. (US-EPA, 1992) |
危險評估
測定農藥可能產生危險之各項控制因子．如
毒性機轉．劑量與反應關係以及暴露程度
等．是風險評估前之重要步驟。 |
Hazard distance for the most sensitive effect
(HBSE)
Statistically determined safety margin
corresponding to a distance from treated areas at
which protection of the terrestrial environment
can be adequately achieved as measured by the
most sensitive non-target species. See also
buffer zone, margin of safety. |
敏感反應危險距離
為保護陸生環境，利用最敏感之非目標生物
為指標，經統計學所決定農藥處理與欲保護
區域之過當距離，另可參見緩衝區．安全距
離。 |
Health advisory level (HAL)
Estimate of upper concentration limit for a
pesticide in drinking water .that can be
consumed for a lifetime without adverse effects.
HALs generally do not have formal legal
significance but have been used, particularly in
the USA, for preliminary risk assessment. |
健康建議界限
估計一生不致因農藥產生不良負作用之飲水
中最高農藥濃度限量。在美國常用於危險評
估．但並非法定評估指標之一。 |
HPLC
High performance liquid chromatography. |
高效液相層析 |
HPTLC
High performance thin layer chromatography. |
高效薄層分析 |
HRGC
High resolution gas chromatography (GLC with
narrow bore capillary columns). |
高解析氣相層析
毛細管柱氣派層析。 |
Hydrolysis
Reaction in which a chemical bond is cleaved
and a new bond formed with the oxygen atom of
a molecule of water. |
水解
將化合物鍵結打斷，並利用水中之氧原子形
成新鍵結的反應過程。 |
