EC50
See median effective concentration. |
EC5O
見半數有效濃度。 |
ECD
Electron capture detector, used in gas
chromatography. |
電子捕獲偵測器
氣相層析儀用之電子捕獲偵測器。 |
Ecosystem
Assembly of populations of different species
(often interdependent on and interacting with
each other) interacting with their
surroundings within a specified physical
location and forming a functional entity. See
also community. (Rand and Petrocelli, 1985) |
生態系
在特定區域內，相互依存、相互影響之不
同種生物群棲與其環境相互作用而形成
之組合。另參見群落。 |
Ecotoxicologically (Environmentally)
relevant concentration (ERC)
Concentration of a pesticide (active
ingredient, formulations, and relevant
mctabolitcs) that is likely to affect a
determinable ecological characteristics,
generally the no observable effect
concentration, to the most sensitive species
or groups of species, (after US-EPA. 1992) |
環境臨界濃度
農藥(包括有效成分、成品製劑及相關之
代謝產物等)可能影響生態特性之濃度，
道常為其對最敏感之一種或數種生物之
無毒害濃度。 |
ELISA
See immunoassay. |
酵素聯結免疫抗體檢測法
見免疫檢測法。 |
Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)
Liquid homogeneous formulation of a
pesticide with emulsifiers in an organic
solvent which forms a dispersion when added
to water as a diluent. (GIFAP.1995) |
乳劑
將農藥成分及乳化劑調製於有機溶劑
中，形成均勻之液態製劑，使用時以水稀
釋時形成乳液。 |
Emulsifier
Surfactant used to facilitate die preparation
of a colloidal dispersion of one liquid in
another liquid with which it is not miscible.
(after Gold, 1987) |
乳化劑
為將不相混合之液體形成膠體分散液所
加人之界面活性劑。 |
Endocon
That portion of a conjugated metabolite
which is derived from natural products of the
metabolizing organism such as sugars and
organic acids. See also exocon, phase II
metabolism. |
內配基
農藥代謝過程中結合作用之產物，其化學
組成由生物體內所提供之部份稱之。如醣
及有機酸等。另參見外配基。 |
Endpoint
Measurable ecological or toxicological
characteristic or parameter of the test system
(usually an organism ) that is chosen as the
most relevant assessment criterion (e.g. death
in an acute test or tumor incidence in a
chronic study) - |
測試終點
可量測之生態學或毒理學特性或測試系
統;通常為一生物)之介量被選為最具代
表性之評估指標。(例如急毒性測試之死
亡或慢毒性測試之致腫瘤) |
Enforcement method
Sec regulatory method. |
法定方法
見管制方法。 |
Enhanced degradation
Increased rate of degradation of a pesticide
in soil or other environmental matrix by a
population of microorganisms that has
adapted to metabolize it through previous
exposure to it or a similar chemical.
Synonyms include accelerated degradation
and enhanced biodegradation. |
加速分解
藉由農藥或類似化合物之暴露，篩選出之
適應品系微生物，用以增加農藥在土壤或
其它環境介質中之分解速率。 |
Enterohepatic circulation
Cyclical process in which a pesticide residue
is absorbed and transported to the liver,
metabolized (often including conjugation),
transported to the intestine by the bile,
reabsorbed (often after deconjugation), and
transported to me liver for further
metabolism, (after Duffus, 1993) |
腸肝循環
殘留農藥經吸收移轉至肝臟，其代謝產物
再經膽汁移轉至腸道,由腸重吸收再移轉
至肝臟進行後續之代謝 |
Environmental impact assessment
Assessment of the potential releases of a
pesticide to the environment and their
potential effects upon the environment and
its components including man. See risk
assessment. |
環境影響評估
評估農藥釋於環境之可能性及其可能判
環境中各組成份子所造成之影響。見風險
評估。 |
Environmental risk
Probability that an adverse effect on humans
or the environment will be observed for a
given exposure to a pesticide based on the
frequency of occurrence and the sensitivity
of the system. See risk assessment. |
環境風險
暴露於農藥，對環境或人產生反作用之
可能性，可依據暴露量與敏感度加以評
估。見風險評估。 |
Estimated daily intake (EDI)
Prediction of the daily intake of a pesticide
residue, based on the most realistic
estimation of residues in food items and the
best available food consumption data for a
specific population. Residue levels are
estimated taking into account known uses of
the pesticide, the proportion of commodity
treated and the quantity of contaminated
commodities. The EDI is expressed in
milligrams of residues per person. (WHO,
1989) |
每日估計攝入量
依據已知的農藥使用情況,受殘留農藥污
染之農產品比例估計食物中殘留農藥之
估值，以及依據特定族群對各種食物之取
食量等所估計之殘留農藥攝入量，以每人
攝入毫克殘留農藥表示之。 |
[Estimated environmental concentration
(EEC)
Predicted concentration of a pesticide within
an environmental compartment based on
estimates of quantities released, discharge
patterns and inherent disposition of the
pesticide (fate and distribution ) as well as
the nature of the specific receiving
ecosystems. (US-EPA, 1992) |
環境估計濃度
某一特定環境區隔中農藥濃度之估計
值。依據受暴露之生態特性與農藥之釋放
量、釋放形式及在環境中分佈與轉變等估
算之。 |
Estimated maximum daily intake (EMDI)
Prediction of the maximum daily intake of a
pesticide residue, based on the assumptions
of average daily food consumption per
person and maximum residues in the edible
portion of a commodity, corrected for the
reduction or increase in residues resulting
from preparation, cooking, or commercial
processing. The EMDI is expressed in
milligrams of residues per person. (WHO,
1989) |
每日最高估計攝入量
依據食物之每人每日平均消費量以及其
中可食用部份最高殘留農藥之估值，並考
慮食前處理可能之影響後所估計之最高
殘留農藥攝入量，以每人攝入毫克殘留農
藥表示之。 |
Esocon
Portion of a conjugated metabolite which is
derived from the parent pesticide. See also
aglycon. |
外配基
農藥代謝過程中結合作用之產物，其化學
組成來自農藥之部份稱之。另參見醣?
配基。 |
Exposure
Concentration or amount of a pesticide that
reaches the target population, organism,
tissue or cell, usually expressed in numerical
terms of concentration, duration and
frequency. Also the process by which a
substance becomes available for absorption
by the target population, organism, tissue or
cell, by any route, (after Duffus. 1993) |
暴露(量)
達到標的生物族群、個體、組織或細胞的
農藥濃度或劑量，通常以濃度、期間或頻
度表示之。又用於表示使農藥被標的生物
族群、個體、組織或細胞吸收之過程。 |
Exposure assessment
Process of measuring or estimating
concentration, duration and frequency of
exposures to pesticide present in
environment or, if estimating hypothetical
exposures, that might arise from the release
of the pesticide into the environment. See
also risk assessment, (after Duffus, 1993) |
暴露量評估
計算或預估使用農藥後環境暴露之濃
度、期間或頻度的程序。另見風險評估。 |
Extractability
Degree to which a pesticide residue may be
removed from a matrix (e.g. soil) through
use of appropriate extraction techniques. See
also bound residue. |
可萃取性(率)
農藥經適當萃取方式自介質(如土壤)中
被萃取出之程度。另參見束縛殘留量。 |
Extraneous residue limit (ERL)
Maximum concentration of a pesticide
residue, arising from environmental sources
(including former agricultural uses), other
than from the use of a pesticide directly or
indirectly on the commodity, that is
recommended to be permitted in or on a feed
or food commodity. (FAO) |
額外殘留限量
除直接或間接施用在農產品之農藥殘留
外，來自於環境中之最高農藥殘留濃度
(包括過去之施用所殘餘者)，是可殘留
於食品或飼料中之最高限量。 |
